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1 λαός
A v.l. λαόν, which is in all Mss. in 4.148), cj. in Mimn.14.9; [dialect] Att. [full] λεώς, which is also used in Hdt.1.22, 8.136, while the form λαός is sts. used in Trag., and once or twice even in Com. (v. infr. 1.3): also in Inscrr. and Pap. (v. infr.) and in late Prose, as Foed.Byz. ap. Plb.4.52.7 (pl.), Str.14.4.3 (pl.), Plu.2.1096b, etc. (both forms in pr. nn.,Λεωβώτης Hdt.7.204
,Λαβώτας X.HG1.2.18
, etc.).1 in Il., λαός ([etym.] λαοί) usu. means men, i.e. soldiers, both of the whole army and smaller divisions,κριτὸς ἔγρετο λ. Ἀχαιῶν 7.434
;λαὸν ἀγείρειν 16.129
;πολὺν ὤλεσα λαόν 2.115
: pl., ἅμα τῷ γε.. ἄριστοι λ. ἕποντ' ib. 578;στίχες ἀσπιστάων λ. 4.91
; periphr., στρατὸς λαῶν ib.76;λαῶν ἔθνος 13.495
; mostly including both foot and horse, as 2.809; but sts. λαός denotes foot, as opp. horse, 7.342; also, a land army, opp. a fleet, 4.76, 9.424, 10.14; also, the common men, opp. their leaders, 2.365, 13.108; but2 in Od., λαοί, more rarely λαός, almost always means men or people; as subjects of a prince, e.g. 3.214, 305, al. ( λαοί is sts. so used in Il., e.g. 17.226, 24.611; λαοὶ ἀγροιῶται country- folk, 11.676; work-people, 17.390); of sailors, Od.14.248; so after Hom., ναυτικὸς λεώς seafaring folk, A.Pers. 383;πᾶς ὁ χειρῶναξ λεώς S.Fr. 844
;ὁ γεωργικὸς λεώς Ar. Pax 920
(lyr.): in sg., slave, τὸν Εὐρυσθέως λεών, of Heracles, Hecat.23 J.; and so perh.λεὼς αὔτοικος GDI5533e
([place name] Zeleia): more generally, μέροπες λαοί, i.e. mankind, A.Supp.90 (lyr.); λ. ἐγχώριοι the natives, ib. 517, cf. Od.6.194; esp. in Egypt, of the fellahin, PRev.Laws42.11-16 (iii B. C.), PSI4.380.5 (iii B. C.), etc.; civil population, opp. priests and soldiers, OGI90.12 (Rosetta, ii B. C.), cf. 225.8 (Milet., iii B. C.), al.3 people assembled, as in the theatre,ὁ πολὺς λαῶν ὄχλος Ar.Ra. 676
, cf. 219 (both lyr.); esp. in the Ecclesia,αἱ στίχες τῶν λαῶν Id.Eq. 163
: hence the phrase ἀκούετε λεῴ hear O people!—the usual way of beginning proclamations at Athens, like our Oyez! Sus.1.1, Ar. Pax 551, Av. 448; τιμῶσιν οἱ πάντες λεῴ ib. 1275;δεῦρ' ἴτε, πάντες λεῴ Arist.Fr. 384
;Ἀττικὸς λεώς A.Eu. 681
; ὁ πολὺς λεώς the multitude, Pl.R. 458d, etc.4 in LXX, of the people, as opp. priests and Levites, 1 Es.5.46; in NT, of Jews, opp. Gentiles, Ev.Matt.2.6, Ev.Luc.2.10, al., cf. SIG1247 (Jewish tombstones); of Christians, opp. heathen, Act.Ap.15.14, al.II a people, i.e. all who are called by one name, first in Pi.,Δωριεῖ λαῷ O.8.30
;Λυδῶν δὲ λαὸς καὶ Φρυγῶν A.Pers. 770
;ξύμπας Ἀχαιῶν λαός S.Ph. 1243
, cf. OT 144, etc.; ἱππόται λαοί, i.e. the Thessalians, Pi. P.4.153, cf. 9.54, N.1.17. (The resemblance between λαός people and λᾶος stone (cf. λᾶας ) is implied in Il.24.611 λαοὺς δὲ λίθους ποίησε Κρονίων (in the story of Niobe); and so Pi. explains the word from the legend of Deucalion, O.9.46, cf. Epich.122, Apollod.1.7.2; but cf. Philoch.12.) (From λᾱϝ-, as shown by the pr.namesΛαϝοπτόλεμος GDI3151
, ϝιόλαϝος ib.3132 ([place name] Corinth): hence prob. λήϊτον.)
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